Nama :Hanum Hidayatul Adawiyah
Nim : 115623288
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computer descriptions
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER COMPONENTS
understanding Computers
The word computer is derived from the Latin meaning Computare count. In English is called to compute. By the definition of computer is translated as a set of electronic tools that work together, can accept data (input), process data (process) and provide information (output) as well as coordinated under the control program stored in its memory. So how can we describe the computer as follows
1. Input Device, is a computer hardware devices that serves to enter data into computer memory, such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, and others.
2. Processor, is the main device a computer that manages the entire activity of the computer itself. The processor consists of two main parts, namely;
Control Unit (CU), is a major component of the processor that controls all the devices installed on the computer, starting from the input device to output device.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), is part of a special processor data processing arithmetic (add, subtract, etc.) as well as data logic (comparison).
3. Memory is a data storage media on the computer.
Memory is divided into two kinds, namely;
Read Only Memory (ROM), which is memory that can only be read alone, can not be changed and removed and has been filled by the computer manufacturer. The contents of ROM is required when the computer is turned on. Commands available in the ROM will be partially transferred to the RAM. The command that is in ROM include the operating system command to read from the disk, the command to check all the equipment in the system unit and a command to display a message on the screen. ROM contents will not be lost even though there is no electricity. But at this present moment ROM has been progressing and many kinds, including:
· PROM (Programmable ROM), a ROM that we can come back with the note program may only be a one-time change after it can no longer be programmed.
· RPROM (Re-Programmable ROM), an outgrowth of the PROM version where we can make changes in accordance with the desired repeatedly.
· EPROM (Erasable Program ROM), a ROM yangdapat we can delete and re-program, but how to eliminate it by using ultraviolet light.
· EEPROM (electrically erasable program ROM), recent developments of the ROM where we can remove the program ROM mengubahdan using teknikelektrik. This EEPROM is the type most widely used today.
Random Access Memory (RAM), from its name we can interpret that the RAM is memory that can be accessed randomly. RAM serves to store the programs that we were for a time (power on) if we turn off the computer, then all data stored in RAM is lost. The purpose of this RAM is to accelerate data processing on computers. In order for the data that we make can not be lost when the computer is turned off, it would require an external storage media such as diskette, hard disk, flash disk, PCMCIA cards and others.
4. Output Device, is a computer tool that allows you to generate output, whether it be to the paper (hardcopy), to the screen (softcopy) or output a sound. For example a printer, speakers, plotters, monitors and many others. From the above explanation we can conclude that the principles of computer work begins entering data from the input device, then the data is processed as such by the CPU according to what we want and processed data that has been stored in computer memory or disk. The data stored can we see the result through the output device.
Computer Components
The computer consists of three main components that can not be separated, namely;
1. Hardware (hardware), is the physical equipment of the computer that we can see and feel. This hardware consists of;
Input / Output Devices (I / O Device) consists of input and output devices, like keyboards and printers.
Storage device (storage device) is a medium for storing data such as floppy disks, hard disks, CD-I, flash disks, etc..
Monitor / Monitor Screen is a means to showcase what we type on the keyboard board after being processed by the processor. The monitor is also called the Visual Display Unit (VDU).
Unit casing is a place of all computer equipment, whether it's the motherboard, cards, other peripherals and Procesing Central Unit (CPU). Casing of this unit is also called the System Unit.
Procesing Central Unit (CPU) is one of the most important part of the computer, because the type of processor determines also the type of computer. Whether or not a computer, type of computer, computer prices, is determined mainly by the type prosesornya.Semakin advanced computer processors, the ability will get better and usually the price will be more expensive.
2. Software (software), is a computer program that allows you to perform a job according to the desired. The program is written in a special language understood by computers. Software consists of several types, namely;
Operating systems such as DOS, Unix, Linux, Novell, OS / 2, Windows, is a software which serves to activate all devices installed on each computer that can communicate with each other. Without the operating system then the computer can not function at all.
Utility programs such as Norton Utility, Scandisk, PC Tools, dll.Program utility serves to assist or mengisikekurangan / weaknesses of the operating system, such as PC Tools can perform commands as DOS format, but PC Tools is able to provide keterang and good animation in the process of formatting . Files that have been deleted by DOS can not be restored again but with the aid program this can be done.
Application programs, such as GL, MYOB, Payroll, etc.. Is a special program to do a particular job, such as programs on a company payroll. Then this program is only used by the finance department alone can not be used by other departments. Usually the application program is created by a computer programmer in accordance with the demands / needs a person / agency / company for purposes of interennya.
Package programs, such as Microsofr office, Adobe fotoshop, macromedia studio, open office etc. It is a program that was structured so that can be used by many people with various interests. Like MS-office, may be used by the finance department to make a bill, or the administration to make the letter of offer and so forth.
Programming languages, PHP, ASP, dBase, Visual Basic, dll.Merupakan dedicated software used to create computer programs, whether it's operating system, programs, etc. packages. Language
This programming is usually divided into three levels, namely;
· Low Level Language, first-generation programming language, this type of programming language is very difficult to understand because it uses machine language instructions. Usually only the manufacturer who understands it.
· Midle Level Language, is an intermediate-level programming language in which the use of instructions already approaching everyday language, although it is still difficult to understand because many uses such as STO singkatansingakatan means to keep (an abbreviation of the STORE) and MOV means to move (an abbreviation of MOVE). are classified into these languages are Assembler, Fortran (Formula Translator).
· High Level Language, is a high-level languages which have cirri easy to understand, because it uses everyday language, such as BASIC, dBase, Visual Basic, VB.Net etc..
3. Brainware (User),
Users are personnel directly involved in the use of computers, such as systems analysts, programmers, operators, users, etc.. In large organizations, the problem is usually handled by computerized special section known as the EDP (Electronic Data Processing), or often referred to as EDP Department, headed by a Manager of EDP.
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