Nama :Moch. Aji Ramadhan
Nim : 115623270
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ARCHITECTURE MICROCOMPUTERS
Computer Systems
Computer systems that we know in everyday life is contained on a PC. A computer system works with
the marked presence of interaction between computers and peripherals (hadware it) with the program
and the operating system (software).
Computer (CPU) is the "brains" of the system while the peripherals connect "brains" with the outside world. Work of a computer system operated by the operating system and programs.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CPU consists of two parts, namely:
This is a control unit. Main functions control unit (CU) is used to, coding, and implementing a program of instructions stored in memory. Control unit to set the order of the entire operating system. These units also generate and set the control signals required to synchronize operations, and also the flow of program instructions.
This unit used well as carrying out arithmetic operations logical operations .
These units contain the relevant programs and data being processed.
This unit used to had intercourse with peripherals.
Microcomputer Systems
When a computer built into a single PCB, it is called minicomputers. And a CPU that is used in a semiconductor chip called a microprocessor. Own microcomputer is a computer that is constructed from a microprocessor with a memory unit is added and the system I / O. Microcomputer system similar to that found on a computer system. To cope with various kinds of work to be done, usually given "additional logic" or other logic circuits such as tri-state buffer, buffer, decoder, multiplexer.
The microprocessor is used to the main processing unit (CPU). This unit consists of a calculator and a control unit (CU). Calculator from the microprocessor unit consists of registers or lists (a temporary memory is fast and small), ALU, registers status (indicating momentary state of the calculation) and an encoder.
- Memory
· RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is a memory unit that can be read and / or writeable. Data in RAM is volatile (it will be lost when the power turns off). RAM is only used to store temporary data, ie data that is not so important (no matter if lost due to the flow of electrical power is disconnected). There are two kinds of RAM that is static RAM and dynamic RAM. Static RAM is a flipflop consisting of components such as resistors, transistors, diodes and so on. Each 1 bit of information is stored until the cell "addressable" and "written-do away with". The advantage of static RAM is the access or the free entrance into any place of storage is desired, and therefore the speed of entry into the memory count is relatively high. Bit dynamic RAM stores information as charge. Elementary memory cell is made of kapasistansi-gate MOS transistor substrate. The advantage is a dynamic RAM memory cells are smaller and require a narrow place, so the capacity of dynamic RAM becomes greater than the static RAM. The disadvantage is the increased complexity of on board memory, because circuits needed for the process of refreshing (refresh). Renewal process for the capacitor is done every 1 or 2 milliseconds.
· ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is used to memory that can only be read. The data will not be erased even if power outages (non-volatile). Because of its nature, the programs stored in ROM.
· Input/Output (I/O)
Device Input / Output (I / O interface) is needed to connect devices outside the system. I / O can receive / give data from / to the microprocessor. To connect between the I / O interface with a microprocessor device address is required. Two kinds of I / O interfaces that are used are: serial and parallel. Device serial (UART / universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter) is used to single sender-receiver (not simultaneously). UART convert serial input into parallel output and transform into a parallel input serial output. PIO (parallel input output) is used to sender-receiver simultaneously. PIO can be programmed and intermediate inputs and outputs provide the basis for the 8 bit parallel data.
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